Flying-machine.



D. SEGAL.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 920.19, 1311A Patented Aug. 27, 1912.

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FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION ULEB DEG. 1o, 1911.

1,036,732. Patented Aug. 27, 1912.

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@wom/for witwassen D. SEGAL.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION NLED 11mm, 1911.

Patented Aug. 27, 1912.

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ghocwfoz 'wdsegaz @Hot/mm3 :By W MMM UNITED STATES P ALLENT OFFICE.

DAVID SEG-AL, OF V'ASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMIBIA. ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF T0 JACOB SEG'AL, OF LONG ISLAND CITY, NEW YORK.

FLYING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 27, 1912.

To all whom it 'may concern.'

Be it known that I, DAVID SEGAL, a citizen of the United States7 residing at Washington, District of Columbia, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Flying-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention. relates to flying machines4 It is now stated that. the salient feature of my invention is to provide means for correcting the tendency of the machine to tilt to an excess degree and for restoring the equilibrium of the .machine When the latter is in flight Without the provision of mechanism for the collective and simultaneous control of the balancing planes, rudders or other movable parts of the machine which must only' be disturbed with the utmost. care, and to provide such means that can he applied to any Well known machine without necessitating elaborate changes in the construction thereof; further the provision of such means which will include a suspended weight beneath the gliding surface of the machine on a rigid sliding support which can be extended perpendicularly beneath the gliding; surface to effect relative radj'estimer-,nts of the latter and. the vWeight whereby it can be extended to any desired position according to the pitch of the chine. from its correct gliding position.

Another object of the. invention is to provide such stability mechanism which, when adjusted to .an inoperative' position. will be Wholly out oi" contacting rrexiinit-y with the surface ot' the ground the. land.- or launching of the flying machine.

-n the drawings, forming a portion of this speciiication and in, which like numerals of reference indicate similar parts in the several viewsiwligure l is a transverse section through a biplane showing my invention applied thereto, parts being shown in full linee and the Weight in its maximum uppermost position. Fig. is a front view fit' the saine. Fig. 23 is a longitudinal. sci.:- tion through the driving shaft showing the Jompanionclutch elements thereon. is a section on l--l of liigg. l. E a section on line .5mof lf'i l.. a diagrammatic vien' of l e ily' me .eine illustreting 'weight in maximum lowermost pnsition. illustreti in dotted vlines the tilted position of the machine and :the initial position of the Weight.- Fig. Tis :a perspective view of the Weight control.

It is now stated that my stabilizer is de` signed for use upon any well known form of liying machine of the heavier or lighterthan-air type and only with a viewI of clearly illustrating the invention has the same been embodied with the biplane structure l herein shown. This structure .is shown to include the upper and lower planes or gliding surfaces 2 and 3 which are connected by the usual stanchions or uprights 4, the motor base or platform 5, the motor and Lhe propeller or driving shaft 7 and its propeller 8. i

The stabilizer comprises a rigid support or bar 9 which extends perpendicular to the plane of the gliding surfaces of the machine and is mounted to slide in fixed guides l() on the iframe of, the machine in line with the renter of gravity. This support has ixedly connected thereto at its lewe-r end a 'weight l1, which is preferably spherical so as to offer little resistance to the travel of the machine, the said Weight being loca-ted beneath the lower plane or gliding surface 3 and it is adjustable with relation thereto in a manner hereinafter described. The Weight support 9 is provided with a longitu dinal series of transversely arranged teeth l2 which adapted. V:for intermeshing en gagement with the driven gear Wheel I3 on the countershatt lil.

The counter ft mounted in suitable hea brach!" which from the base i) and lixeeliy .mounted on said shaft are the driven pulleys i6 and il. the former be" ingv cennec the belt i8 to the pulley-like idle clutch element 19 on the driving shaft '7. The pulley 1'7 is connected by the belt 20 with the pulley-like idle clutch elemenfl on the driving sha-ft. The belt 2O has parallel leads, and the connection of the. belt with the pulley 2l permits the countershaft ist to rotate in an opposite mov-em nt le that i "martedi thereto through The elements l@ end '121 cal gre surfcces similar surfaces 23 aflaiited te en ion oii movement element Slet has secured thereto a key 25 which. extends into the longitudinal keyway 2G in the driving shaft whereby movementv will be constantly transmitted to the element. The element 24 has an annular groove 27 therein to receive the collar 28 on the. shift lever 29. The extensile springs 30 which are interposed between the elements 24, 'i9 and 21 serve to hold the element 24 in neutral position. It is now clear that means are employed for effecting the instantaneous rotation of the countershaft in either direction so that the bar 9 can be made to climb or fall as the occasion may demand.

The shift. lever supports a fixed pin having oppositely extending portions 31 and 32, the portion 3l being extended through the elongated slot 33 in the link 34 and the portion 32 being extended through a similar but oppositely extending slot 35 in the link 36. A rock erin 37 is mounted 1n a suitable` bracket 38 upon the frame of the tlyino machine, and as shown, the lower end o? said arm carries a pin to which the lowe and rear endfof the link 34 is pivoted. The upper end of said rock arm has pivoted thereto, at 40, the upper vend of the link 36. he links 34 and 3G, and the actuating` member Lil and control lever 42 formthe means for shifting the clutch element 24 to operative and inoperative positions.

Y The actuating member 4l has fixed thereto the spaced pins 43 and 44 between which the support 9 is adapted to slide. Near the lower end the support carries an operating member or cani 45 which. is adapted to ride against the pin 43 on the maximum uppermost travel of the support and thereby move the actuating member 4l to impart rocking movement to the shift link 29, resulting in the neutral shift of the keyed clutch ele-- ment 24. The support also has xed thereto near its upper end a similar cam 46 which may engage the pin 44 to also cause the neutral shift. to be imparted to the element.

ln order that the support 9 can he locked against sliding movement `.vhen the element 24 is in a neutral position, I provide a brake shoe 47 which is secured to a stem 48. This stern is slidahle in guide brackets 49 on the traine of the dying machine, and as shown,

the stem has secured thereto a shoulder 50 against which one end of a helicalk extensile spring 5i bears, the opposite end of the spring being engaged against one of tire guide brackets 49, whereby the shoe 47 i'iornially held in an applied position. The ioe ai iai y of U--configuration in cross sectVv i? as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings, so aste provide guide tianges to embrace the sides of 'the support 9.

The i'rictional engagement of the. surface 53 of the brake shoe. against ther-:apport 9 is Suiiicientto hold the support against sliding mount-ed on the pin 39 of the rock arm 37,`

whereby on movement of the rock arm in one direction the brake shoe will be usted to a released position.

The motor C and the elements operated therethrough which include the countershaft 14 form means whereby the support 9 can be readily adjusted to an. operative or an inoperative position. In order that the support 9 can he operated on failure of the motor 6 to work, I provide the countershaft i4 with a sprocket gear wheel 55 which is connected by the drive chain 5G to a similar sprocket. gear Wheel 57 on the Shaft 58. The shaft 58 is supported in any suitable well known manner in the frame of the lying machine and at one end it is provided with a bevel-pinion 50 which meshes with a similar bevel-pinion G0 on the crank shaft (il. This crank shaft carries a suitable hand wheel 62 which is preferably located adjacent to the controlling lever 42 and the latter and the former are also disposed in controlling proximately to the aviators7 seat.

The slots 33 and 35 are disposed in intersecting planes and on reference to Fig. 1 of the drawings it is seen that the pin 3l on the shift lever 29 engages against the walls of these slots at the inner ends thereof. Nov: it is stated that when moving the control lever 42 in the direction of the arrow a the actuating rod 4i will be controlled so as to cause the pin 3l to bear against the inner end ot' the slot 35 suiciently to impart rocking movement to the rock arm 37. This causes the draftI rod 54 to impart the necessary movements to the brake shoe 47 to cause. the release of the latter from the support 9. Simultaneously with this action the link 29 will be shifted to causo the clutch element 24 to engage with the clutch element 2l, the latter becoming a ixed partoi the driving shaft i' so that power will be transmitted to lthe oountershaft i4 to cause the controlled descent of theA weight At the. maximum lowering oftl the support 2 the cam 4G will be brought to bear against the pin 44 effecting a shift of the actuating rod 41 and also causing movement to be imparted to the shift link 29 'to restore the driving clutch element' to its neutral position.l -Reverse movement oiz the support 9 will tiring the cam 45 into engagement with the'pin 43 with the resultant neutral shift of the driving clutch element.

t is now thought that the essential features of the invention are sutiieiently described te enable one in the art to clearly Vunderstand the invention together with the subsequent brief description of the opera-- tion of the invention.

The apparatus is adjusted previous to element'lQ4 to respond to the action of the obviously appears that, at the discretion of 110 are so associated to receive-the support 9 that the greatest possible leverage upon the 4machine is obtained, the lower machinefmeans forv controlling movements comprising a movable member disposed per- 'the launchingof the flying-machine so as to. A sustain the .weight .11= in an. ,inoperativepo- -to excess degree either longitudinally or lat-i' erally the controllinglever 42 is -'operated to f throw the driving clutcheleinentinto the 'driven idle clutch element 21, whereby4 power is transmitted .tothe countershaft 14' fdesired ad'ustment of this supportcan be 'store the machine to equilibrium or perfect balance and a subsequent control of the lever thetiltof the machine will be eliminated 25` 'so as to act-as the main point of which may.

sition beneath the' lowermost gli ing surface.

3 of the machine.. Should the maehinetilt to causethe rigid supporti) to'lower. Any

made to e ect the required leverageto re'-l ,42 is made'to. cause the idle driven clutch driving clutch element, whereby the supporti 9 is made to climb to-its s'et. position. While it is described that the weight is to be lowered-1on. excess tilt 'of themachine, it'

the operatonx-the Weight can be lowered as 'soon as'tli'e machine is in fiight,whereupon,

and the `machine maintained in constant equilibrium. The superimposed fixed guides ide being substantially at the center' of t e machine be termed the fulcrum of the support, Whereby the latter most effectively resists those outside forces which cause the improper balaiice.-

I claim:

1. A flying machine, a movable Weight' disposedbeneath the gliding surface of the of the weight, and automatically controlled means for holding the Weightagainst move ment. l

2. A gliding surface, a Weight movable with relation to said surface, and a Weight controlled brake for holding the Weight against movement after the'latter reaches a predetermined position with relation to the surface.

3. A gliding surface, a weight movable perpendicular to'the plane of t-lie surface, automatically controlled means for holding the weight against movement after the same reaches a predetermined position, means for moving the Weight, and a cont-rol operable to first release the holding means and to then renderthe second means operative.

4. The combination with a flying machine and a driving motor therefor, cf a stabilizer peudicular to the plane of the gliding sur face of the machine and terminating at its lower end in a Weight, and motor actuated meanszfor positively moving the member to both operative and inoperative positions.

5. ln a stabilizer for flying machines, a

maehineI having a glidings'urf'amia driving.

and. movable perpen iciilar to the plane'ofg' i said surface .and terminating in Va'wei ht. beneath .the said surface, motor control ed means for for -renderingthe first means inoperative, said. means being operable throu v's j moving the member, and meanstermined movements of saidmem er. 'l l 7. A tiying machine including a. driving. motor therefor, a weight' dis osed perpendicular to the plane of the 'g idingrsurfa of the machine and'slidable A thereto, motor'controlled means for 'etfe'ctl ing adjustments of the weight' and includ# ing driving and driven' clutch elements, and means operable by the weight' for rendering the clutch 1elements inoperative.

8. Ay flying machine including'a .driving motor therefor, a `wei ht dis osed'in line ivith the center of gravity'of t e machine, a perpendicular support slidably mounted on the machine and connected, with said weight, motor driven means geared te said support and operable to 'effect adjustment of the weight vwith relation Vto the ,gliding surface, and meansoperablebn predetei. mined movements of ing. the frst'meansinoperative. d

9. A fiying machine, a weight located be.- neath the gliding surface of the machine, a rack member slidably supporting said iveight, means for holdingr the member -against sliding movement, a drivingY gearA wheel constantly meshing with said member, means for releasing the first means, and

means for operating said gear wheeion re- Y lease of said -trst meansl to impart'slidiiig movement to the member.

10. A flying machine, a drivingshaft thereon, a .countershaft, clutchv elements` mounted for independent movements on the driving shaft, means between one of the with relation 1 tliesupport for render- A elements 'and the countershaft foi: driyingthe latter iii one direction, -second nieuns' connecting the other element.` `with the counter-shaft to drive the latter ifi a reverse direction, :i third clutch elementfkeyed for longitudinal movements on the. driving shaft and operable for driving engagement with either of the first clutch elements', means for 'adjusting the third element, a weight located beneath the gliding'surface of the machine and movable only in a per`-`A peudicular plane, and adjusting means be and operable for driving engagement with either of the first clutch elements, means for adjusting the third element, a weight located beneath the glidingsurfaoe of the machine and movable only in a perpendicular plane, and gearing between the weight and the said countershaft.

' 12. A flying machine, a driven shaftv thereon, means for driving the shaft, 'a weight located beneath the gliding surface of the machine, means for rendering the shaft operative, a rigid'bar disposed perpendicular to the plane of the gliding surface and slidably mounted in the machine and attached to said weight, and a control for said second means operable on predetermined movements of the said bar.

13. A flying machine includino' a drive shaft and a driven shaft, idle c utch ele ments on said drive shaft, fixed means on said conntershaft, second fixed means on said countershaft, an operative driving connection between one of-the said-idle elements and the first fixed means for driving the countershaft in one direction, a second o erat-ive connection between the other idle c utch element and the second fixed means to revolve the countershat in a reverse direction, a sliding clutch element on the driving shaft keyed to rotate therewith and operable to singly engage the idle clutch elements, a weight located beneath the lidelements on said driving shaft, a shifting clutch element keyed for longitudinal movement on said driving shaft, driving connections between the countershaft and the idle clutch elements, controlling means for -a` weight located beneath the gliding surface" of the machine, weight lowering and lifting means between the countershaft and the weight for effecting adjustments of the `latter with relation to .the gliding'surface,

ture in presence of two witnesses.

y DAVID SEGAL. K

Witnesses: HORACE H. LYBRAND,

` JACOB SEGAL.

In testimony whereof I affix my signa-A 

